The study took samples from three different types of long-term tillage systems: no-till, chisel-disk plowing, and moldboard plowing, which researchers defined as low, medium and high disturbance. They also collected samples from both corn and soybeans, as well as samples collected at different growth stages in each plant.

Designing better roots is an important avenue to increase yield, reduce fertilizer use and promote soil health, says Larry York at the Noble Research Institute.

With help from a wind tunnel and the latest DNA technology, USDA ARS scientists are shedding light on the travel patterns of soilborne hitchhikers.