Traditionally, fall application of N is practiced in areas where soil temperatures usually remain below 50°F from late fall to spring. Lower soil temperatures reduce the activity of nitrifying soil bacteria that convert ammonium to nitrates. However, if soil temperatures rise above 50°F, N is at risk of loss through leaching or denitrification.

Beginning in crop year 2022, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Risk Management Agency (RMA) will offer the Post Application Coverage Endorsement (PACE) in certain states for non-irrigated corn, providing coverage for producers who use this practice that is considered better for natural resources and saves money for producers.